Our cosmos journey begins about billions of years ago when a hypothetical particles named 'singularity' begins to expand vigorously. Scientists said that, that expansion is caused due to the weird and unknown force which is known as 'Dark Energy'. Which is present everywhere in this universe. Singularity was a particle having infinity mass and infinity temperature, which was much smaller than the nucleus of an atom. It was floating in nothingness, nothingness means a hypothetical place where is no mass, no light, no energy even there is no space and time. As we have described that time make comparison between objects and events in this universe, but the singularity was something where all the thing is squeezed. So we can say that there is no flow of time. But here is a question- Why singularity was there? Unfortunately we can't answer.
Once singularity start expanding then it start creating space, energy, mass, light and so on. Singularity start expanding billions of years ago and it keeps expanding during this time, since you have started to read this sentence from that time to know it expanded about millions of kilometers. If universe is expanding then we can say the distance between objects in this universe is also expanding. Then why they stick together?
The expansion of the universe doesn't increase the distance between objects in this universe because, there are three forces in this universe which keeps matter in their shape, size, volume and place.
And those forces are:
1. Gravity
2. Electromagnetism
3. Strong Interaction
So, first we talk about the weakest force which is keeps you to stick with earth. And that force is 'Gravity'. As you know that the universe is expanding, but due to the gravitational force the distance between two objects like the sun and the earth remains unchanged. This force also keeps planets and moons in their orbit. It can be explain in better way, suppose that you and your friend are standing on a balloon which is inflating. With the enlargement of the balloon surface you will be noticed that the distance between you and your friend is increasing. But if you grab each other's hand then it will stop, so gravity works as same to keep to keep the distance between any two objects in this universe as same.
But distance can be increase if dark energy becomes more powerful than the gravity as it was at beginning. At that time, all the objects starts moving away from each other. All the planets, moon will go far apart.
And the second is electromagnetism, which is the second most powerful force in this universe. Which keeps atoms, elements and molecules in shape. If the dark energy goes beyond the electromagnetism then, the all atoms, elements and molecules will be scattered in to electrons and group of protons which is nucleus of an atom. There will be no any stuff in this universe. As we know that the electromagnetism is the force which keeps electrons to orbit the nucleus so, if there is no electromagnetism then no electrons will orbit the nucleus then there is no atom and if there is no atoms means no any stuff. Because any stuff in this universe is compost of atoms.
And the third one is the strongest force in this universe which keeps protons in a atom to be combined with each other. That force is 'Strong Intraction'. As this force hold protons in nucleus to be combined but, if the dark energy becomes more than strong interaction then all the protons in the nucleus scattered and all the universe contains only quarks.
But the dark energy is not strong enough at this time to beat these forces.
After the expansion of the cosmos there is a great role of these forces. Firstly the strong interaction combine the protons to make nucleus, then electromagnetism makes electrons to orbit the nucleus which to formation of the atom then after elements and finally molecules which further combined to form stuff. And the final touch is given by the gravity which start attracting more and more stuff to make huge bodies. The gravity also makes planets to orbit the sun, and moons to orbit planets.
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